The ovaries are made up of a number of different cells. Ovarian cancer is categorised by the type of cell it originates from:[3]
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (originates in the surface of the ovary)
Germ Cell Ovarian Cancer (arises from the reproductive cells of the ovaries)
Stromal Cell Ovarian Cancer (arises from connective tissue cells)
The stage of ovarian cancer indicates how big it is and how far it has spread.
There are four stages of ovarian cancer:[4]
Stage 1
The cancer is only in the ovaries.
Stage 2
The cancer has grown outside the ovaries and is growing within the pelvis.
Stage 3
The cancer has spread outside the pelvis into the abdominal cavity or to lymph nodes.
Stage 4
The cancer has spread to other body organs some distance away from the ovaries.
THE ONLY WAY TO CONFIRM A DIAGNOSIS OF OVARIAN CANCER IS SURGERY FOLLOWED BY TISSUE ANALYSIS.
Key symptoms of ovarian cancer to be aware of include:5
Bloating And Constipation
Fatigue
Pelvic Or Abdominal Pain
Loss Of Appetite
Urgent Need To Urinate
Upset Stomach
Back Pain
Pain During Sex
Menstrual Changes
Weight Loss
1. https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/cancers/25-Ovary-fact-sheet.pdf
2. GLOBOCAN. POPULATION FACT SHEETS, Available at: http://gco.iarc.fr/today/fact-sheets-populations (Accessed: November 2019).
3. Ovarian Cancer Research Alliance. Types of Ovarian Cancer, Available at: https://ocrahope.org/patients/about-ovarian-cancer/types-ovarian-cancer/ (Accessed:November 2019).
4. Cancer Treatment Centers of America. Ovarian cancer stages, Available at: https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/ovarian-cancer/stages (Accessed:November 2019).
5. Cancer Treatment Centers of America. Ovarian cancer symptoms, Available at: https://www.cancercenter.com/cancer-types/ovarian-cancer/symptoms